Transformer materials primarily fall into three categories: core materials, winding materials, and insulation and cooling materials; each component directly impacts the transformer's performance and service life.
Transformer cores are typically made of silicon steel sheets. This material offers high magnetic permeability, effectively enhancing magnetic flux conduction while minimizing hysteresis and eddy current losses. In certain high-frequency or specialized applications, amorphous alloys are used to further reduce core losses and improve efficiency.
Windings generally utilize highly conductive copper or aluminum. Copper is preferred for large-capacity or high-reliability transformers due to its superior electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, whereas aluminum-being more cost-effective and lightweight-is commonly used in small- to medium-sized equipment. Insulation typically involves the use of insulating paper, insulating varnish, or epoxy resin; oil-immersed transformers, meanwhile, employ transformer oil, which serves the dual purpose of providing insulation and facilitating heat dissipation and cooling.
